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The effect of aluminum on NAD kinase in vivo and in vitro was studied. The concentration of alu- minum and exposure time are the main factors determining aluminum toxicity.Al can accumulate in the chloroplast of rice seedlings and affect calmodulin-dependent NAD kinase activity,however,calmodulin-in- dependent NAD kinase was insensitive to Al application. Calmedulin can reverse the inhibition of Al at low Al concentrations(0.001mmol/L -O. 5mmol/L),but the relaxing ability decreases at higher Al(2mmol/L).It is suggested that,aside from impairing calmedulin, Al may also affect calmedulin-dependent NAD kinase activ- ity by changing the enzyme structure.
