Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons fromthe ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and exposure to contaminated waterand sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi , Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria , Chee Kong Yap , Azadeh Shahbazi
DOI:
Received January 24, 2010,Revised July 09, 2010, Accepted , Available online
Volume 23,2011,Pages 336-345
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The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) present in the sediment and water of Peninsular
Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass
spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (t-PAHs) were measured between 0.80
0.04 to 162.96 14.74 ng/g wet weight (ww) in sediment, between 21.85 2.18 to 76.2 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between
3.34 0.77 to 46.85 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs
was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Case
I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer
from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe
according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was (8.82 0.54) 10??6
to (2.67 0.06) 10??2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in
Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was
below the level of US EPA concern.
